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Lucius Valerius Flaccus (princeps senatus 86 BC)
Lucius Valerius Flaccus (d. ''circa'' 73–69 BC) was a consul of the Roman Republic in 100 BC and ''princeps senatus'' (leader of the senate) during the civil wars of the 80s.〔Unless otherwise noted, dates and offices for Lucius Valerius Flaccus are from T.R.S. Broughton, ''The Magistrates of the Roman Republic'', vol. 2, 99 B.C.–31 B.C. (New York: American Philological Association, 1952), pp. 6–7, 66– 68, 76, 79, 83, 135, 137 (note 13), 629.〕 He is noted for his peace initiatives, which failed, and for sponsoring the ''Lex Valeria'' that created the dictatorship of Sulla.
==Life and career==
The earliest official capacity recorded for Lucius Flaccus is ''monetalis'' ("moneyer"), a common preliminary to the political career track for young men of senatorial rank. In 108 or 107 BC, Flaccus issued coinage depicting Victory and Mars. Flaccus was elected praetor sometime before 103 BC. In 100, he was the colleague of Gaius Marius for his sixth consulship. He was so little at variance with Marius that his contemporary Rutilius Rufus, in his non-extant history, disparaged him as "more a servant than a colleague."〔Quoted by Plutarch, ''Marius'' (28.8 ).〕
In 97, Flaccus was censor with the Marcus Antonius who was consul in 99 BC. The duties of the censors included revising the census, which not only registered citizens, but determined social rank (''ordo''). Although no figures have survived from this census, Italians were registered as citizens in great numbers, presumably to strengthen the political power of those likely to support the Marian faction.〔E. Badian, "Caepio and Norbanus," ''Historia'' 1957, as reprinted in ''Studies in Greek and Roman History'' (New York 1964), p. 48.〕 Flaccus and Antonius expelled Marcus Duronius from the senate because as tribune he had abrogated the ''Lex Licinia'', a sumptuary law passed by P. Licinius Crassus.〔''Fasti Capitolini'', Degrassi 54f., 128, 478f.; Valerius Maximus 2.9.5.〕 They also reappointed M. Aemilius Scaurus as ''princeps senatus''.〔Asconius, note to ''In Scaurum'' 18 and 22c.〕 Flaccus himself was recognized as ''princeps'' perhaps as early as 92–91 BC,〔Robin Seager, "Sulla," in ''The Cambridge Ancient History'' (Cambridge University Press, 1994), 2nd ed., vol. 9, p. 181 (online. )〕 but certainly in the census of 86. Theodor Mommsen erroneously thought that Sulla had abolished the position and that Flaccus was the last ''princeps''.〔Francis X. Ryan, ''Rank and Participation in the Roman Senate'' (Franz Steiner Verlag, 1998), p. 191 (online ) and p. 194.〕
Flaccus served as ''interrex'' in 82,〔Cicero, ''Ad Atticum'' 9.15.2, ''De Lege Agraria contra Rullum'' 3.5, ''Pro Sexto Roscio Amerino'' 125; Appian, ''Bellum civile'' 1.98.〕 presiding over the centuriate assembly for the election of Sulla as dictator. At this time, Flaccus was also made ''magister equitum'' ("Master of the Horse"),〔''Fasti Capitolini'' in Degrassi 54f., 130, 484f.〕 and remained so until 79 BC.
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